A viewport is a window component mounted on the wall of a vacuum chamber through which various light and electromagnetic waves, such as ultraviolet, visible and infrared, can be transmitted. In vac...
I. Mechanical pumps
The main function of the mechanical pump is to provide the necessary pre-stage vacuum for the start-up of the turbomolecular pump. Commonly used mechanical pumps include mainly ...
Many vacuum process installations are equipped with a Roots pump on top of the pre-stage pump, both to increase the pumping speed and to improve the vacuum. However, the following problems are ofte...
I. Introduction of valve
Vacuum valve is a vacuum system component used to change the direction of airflow, adjust the size of gas flow, cut off or connect the pipeline in the vacuum system. The c...
1. Raw Material Annealing (Primary Annealing)
Application Stage
Performed after the initial processing of raw materials (e.g., copper rods, plates via rolling, drawing, or casting) and before...